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atmospheric interference - translation to ολλανδικά
WHEN TWO WAVES SUPERPOSE TO FORM A NEW WAVE
Interference pattern; Constructive interference; Phase cancellation; Constructive Interference; Interference Pattern; Interference (wave motion); Interference fringe; Destructive interference; Quantum Interference; Destructive Interference; Interference Fringe; Interference of waves; Quantum interference; Interferogram; Antisound; Optical interference; Interference (Physics); Interference (physics); Light interference; Interference (optics); Interference pattern (disambiguation); Interference (light); Complete Destructive interference; Interference (wave propagation)
![Creation of interference fringes by an [[optical flat]] on a reflective surface. Light rays from a monochromatic source pass through the glass and reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the supporting surface. The tiny gap between the surfaces means the two reflected rays have different path lengths. In addition the ray reflected from the bottom plate undergoes a 180° phase reversal. As a result, at locations '''''(a)''''' where the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2, the waves reinforce. At locations '''''(b)''''' where the path difference is an even multiple of λ/2 the waves cancel. Since the gap between the surfaces varies slightly in width at different points, a series of alternating bright and dark bands, ''interference fringes'', are seen.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Optical flat interference.svg?width=200 "Creation of interference fringes by an [[optical flat]] on a reflective surface. Light rays from a monochromatic source pass through the glass and reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the supporting surface. The tiny gap between the surfaces means the two reflected rays have different path lengths. In addition the ray reflected from the bottom plate undergoes a 180° phase reversal. As a result, at locations '''''(a)''''' where the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2, the waves reinforce. At locations '''''(b)''''' where the path difference is an even multiple of λ/2 the waves cancel. Since the gap between the surfaces varies slightly in width at different points, a series of alternating bright and dark bands, ''interference fringes'', are seen.")
![White light interference in a [[soap bubble]]. The [[iridescence]] is due to [[thin-film interference]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soap bubble sky.jpg?width=200 "White light interference in a [[soap bubble]]. The [[iridescence]] is due to [[thin-film interference]].")
![interferometric array]] formed from many smaller [[telescope]]s, like many larger [[radio telescope]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg?width=200 "interferometric array]] formed from many smaller [[telescope]]s, like many larger [[radio telescope]]s.")
atmospheric interference
atmosferische storingen
re-entry
![Ablative heat shield (after use) on [[Apollo 12]] capsule](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apollo 12 heat shield.JPG?width=200 "Ablative heat shield (after use) on [[Apollo 12]] capsule")
![[[Apollo command module]] flying with the blunt end of the [[heat shield]] at a non-zero [[angle of attack]] in order to establish a lifting entry and control the landing site (artistic rendition)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apollo cm.jpg?width=200 "[[Apollo command module]] flying with the blunt end of the [[heat shield]] at a non-zero [[angle of attack]] in order to establish a lifting entry and control the landing site (artistic rendition)")
![shadowgraph]]s of [[high speed wind tunnel]] tests](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blunt body reentry shapes.png?width=200 "shadowgraph]]s of [[high speed wind tunnel]] tests")
![The DC-X, shown during its first flight, was a prototype [[single-stage-to-orbit]] vehicle, and used a biconic shape similar to AMaRV.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Delta Clipper DC-X first flight.jpg?width=200 "The DC-X, shown during its first flight, was a prototype [[single-stage-to-orbit]] vehicle, and used a biconic shape similar to AMaRV.")
![IXV]] once landed](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Demonstrateur corps portant IXV apres son vol de fevrier 2015 DSC 0037.jpg?width=200 "IXV]] once landed")
![impactor]] aeroshell, a classic 45° sphere-cone with spherical section afterbody enabling aerodynamic stability from atmospheric entry to surface impact](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ds 2.jpg?width=200 "impactor]] aeroshell, a classic 45° sphere-cone with spherical section afterbody enabling aerodynamic stability from atmospheric entry to surface impact")
![[[Galileo Probe]] during final assembly](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Galileo probe.jpg?width=200 "[[Galileo Probe]] during final assembly")
![plasma]] trail of [[Gemini 2]] reentry](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gemini2reentry.jpg?width=200 "plasma]] trail of [[Gemini 2]] reentry")
![''[[Mars Pathfinder]]'' during final assembly showing the aeroshell, cruise ring and solid rocket motor](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mars Pathfinder.jpg?width=200 "''[[Mars Pathfinder]]'' during final assembly showing the aeroshell, cruise ring and solid rocket motor")
![escape tower]]) originally used a radiatively cooled TPS, but was later converted to an ablative TPS.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mercury capsule HD.jpg?width=200 "escape tower]]) originally used a radiatively cooled TPS, but was later converted to an ablative TPS.")
![Mk-6]] RV, [[Cold War]] weapon and ancestor to most of the U.S. missile entry vehicles.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mk 6 reentry vehicle on display at National Atomic Museum.jpg?width=200 "Mk-6]] RV, [[Cold War]] weapon and ancestor to most of the U.S. missile entry vehicles.")
![Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shuttle heat shield.jpg?width=200 "Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']].")
![Rigid black [[LI-900]] tiles were used on the [[Space Shuttle]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Silica Space Shuttle thermal protection (TPS) tile, c 1980. (9663807484).jpg?width=200 "Rigid black [[LI-900]] tiles were used on the [[Space Shuttle]].")
![Closeup of [[Gemini 2]] heat shield](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Closeup of Gemini 2 heatshield.jpg?width=200 "Closeup of [[Gemini 2]] heat shield")
![plasma]] trail (Soyuz)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soyuz TMA-05M capsule reentry.jpg?width=200 "plasma]] trail (Soyuz)")
![Progress]] during atmospheric entry over Earth](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Re-entry of Progress Spacecraft 42P - NASA Earth Observatory.jpg?width=200 "Progress]] during atmospheric entry over Earth")
MOVEMENT OF AN OBJECT THROUGH THE GASES OF AN ATMOSPHERE FROM OUTER SPACE
Ablative heat shield; Reentry (orbital); Re-entry; Re-entry vehicle; Deorbit; Atmospheric re-entry; Ballistic reentry; Thermal protection system; Reentry vehicle; Semiballistic; Ballistic efficiency coefficient; Ballistic beta; Ballistic β; Ballistic B; Ballistic number; Ballistic no.; Re-Entry; Ballistic b; Ballistic descent; Ballistic re-entry; Reentry of space vehicle; Phenolic impregnated carbon ablator; Spacecraft reentry; Phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator; Reentry; PICA-X; Feathering (reentry); Atmospheric reentry; Destructive reentry; Atmospheric interface; Blunt-body; De-orbit; EDL (rocketry); HIAD; Care-free reentry; IRVE; Entry, descent and landing; Uncontrolled re-entry; Lunar return velocity; Mars return velocity; PICA-3; Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator; Spacecraft Reentry; Inflatable decelerator; Inflatable Re-entry Vehicle Experiment; Inflatable Re-Entry Vehicle Experiment; Inflatable Reentry Vehicle Experiment
hernieuwde ingang
atmospheric pressure
![Kollsman-type barometric aircraft [[altimeter]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aircraft altimeter.JPG?width=200 "Kollsman-type barometric aircraft [[altimeter]].")
![[[Boiling water]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kochendes wasser02.jpg?width=200 "[[Boiling water]]")
![ERA-15]] re-analysis.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mslp-jja-djf.png?width=200 "ERA-15]] re-analysis.")
![A very local storm above [[Snæfellsjökull]] ([[Iceland]]), showing clouds formed on the mountain by [[orographic lift]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Storm over Snæfellsjökull.jpg?width=200 "A very local storm above [[Snæfellsjökull]] ([[Iceland]]), showing clouds formed on the mountain by [[orographic lift]]")
PRESSURE
Atmospheric surface pressure; Air pressure; Barometric pressure; Atmospheric Pressure; Air Pressure; Normal pressure; Sea level pressure; Atmospheric air pressure; Sea-level pressure; Sea Level Pressure; Mean Sea Level Pressure; Central pressure; Mean sea level pressure; Pressure at sea level
atmosferische druk
Ορισμός
Radio Frequency Interference
<hardware, testing> (RFI) Electromagnetic radiation which is
emitted by electrical circuits carrying rapidly changing
signals, as a by-product of their normal operation, and which
causes unwanted signals (interference or noise) to be induced
in other circuits.
The most important means of reducing RFI are: use of bypass or
"decoupling" capacitors on each active device (connected
across the power supply, as close to the device as possible),
risetime control of high speed signals using series resistors
and VCC filtering. Shielding is usually a last resort after
other techniques have failed because of the added expense of
RF gaskets and the like.
The efficiency of the radiation is dependant on the height
above the ground or power plane (at RF one is as good as the
other) and the length of the conductor in relationship to the
wavelength of the signal component (fundamental, harmonic or
transient (overshoot, undershoot or ringing)). At lower
frequencies, such as 133 MHz, radiation is almost exclusively
via I/O cables; RF noise gets onto the power planes and is
coupled to the line drivers via the VCC and ground pins. The
Rf is then coupled to the cable through the line driver as
common node noise. Since the noise is common mode, shielding
has very little effect, even with differential pairs. The RF
energy is capacitively coupled from the signal pair to the
shield and the shield itself does the radiating.
At higher frequencies, usually above 500 Mhz, traces get
electrically longer and higher above the plane. Two
techniques are used at these frequencies: wave shaping with
series resistors and embedding the traces between the two
planes. If all these measures still leave too much RFI,
sheilding such as RF gaskets and copper tape can be used.
Most digital equipment is designed with metal, or coated
plastic, cases.
Switching power supplies can be a source of RFI, but have
become less of a problem as design techniques have improved.
Most countries have legal requirements that electronic and
electrical hardware must still work correctly when subjected
to certain amounts of RFI, and should not emit RFI which could
interfere with other equipment (such as radios).
See also Electrostatic Discharge, {Electromagnetic
Compatibility}.
(1998-01-26)
Βικιπαίδεια
Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater intensity (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively. Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
